Scoliosis

Symptoms & Causes Diagnosis & Treatment Doctors

What is Scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a condition where the spine curves sideways, often forming an "S" or "C" shape. This abnormal curvature can occur in different parts of the spine, such as the upper (thoracic), lower (lumbar), or both regions. Scoliosis is typically diagnosed in children and adolescents during their growth spurts, usually between the ages of 10 to 15.

Most cases are mild and may not cause significant problems. However, left untreated, scoliosis can worsen and lead to complications like back pain, breathing difficulties, and visible changes to physical appearance. Early detection and monitoring are key to managing scoliosis effectively.

What Causes Scoliosis?

Most cases of scoliosis are idiopathic, meaning the exact cause is unknown. Several factors and conditions are associated with the development of scoliosis:

Genetic Predisposition: Scoliosis can run in families, although not all cases have a clear hereditary link.
Neuromuscular Conditions: Disorders like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, affecting muscle and nerve function, can lead to scoliosis.
Congenital Abnormalities: Birth defects affecting spinal bone formation may result in scoliosis.
Spinal Cord Issues: Conditions like tumours or infections in the spinal cord may contribute to scoliosis.
Post-Surgical Factors: Surgeries involving the chest wall or spine during infancy may increase the risk of scoliosis later in life.

Scoliosis is not caused by poor posture, carrying heavy backpacks, or physical activity.

Recognising the Symptoms of Scoliosis

Scoliosis symptoms can vary depending on the severity of the spinal curve. Common signs include:

Uneven Shoulders: One shoulder may appear higher than the other.
Prominent Shoulder Blade: One shoulder blade may stick out more prominently.
Asymmetrical Waistline: The waist may look uneven or tilted.
Hip Disparity: One hip may be positioned higher than the other.
Rib Cage Protrusion: One side of the rib cage may push forward.
Back Asymmetry When Bending Forward: When bending forward, one side of the back may appear more elevated or pronounced.

In addition to these visible signs, scoliosis may cause discomfort or pain, particularly in severe cases. Left untreated, it can lead to complications like breathing difficulties due to lung compression.

When Should You See a Specialist?

Early detection of scoliosis is crucial. If you or your child shows symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional. Scoliosis is often first noticed by teachers, sports coaches, or family members.

Specialists who diagnose and treat scoliosis include:

Orthopaedic Spine Surgeons: Experts in spinal deformities.
Physiatrists: Specialists focusing on physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Orthopaedic Surgeons: Experts in treating musculoskeletal conditions.

At Subang Jaya Medical Centre (SJMC), our multidisciplinary team of specialists is equipped with advanced diagnostic tools and expertise to provide comprehensive care for scoliosis patients.

Risk Factors for Scoliosis

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing scoliosis:

Age: Symptoms often develop during early adolescence, a period of rapid growth.
Gender: Those assigned female at birth are more likely to experience worsening curves.
Family History: A genetic link to scoliosis may increase risk.

Potential Complications of Scoliosis

If left untreated, scoliosis can lead to complications, particularly in severe cases:

Breathing Difficulties: Severe spinal curves can compress the lungs, making it harder to breathe.
Chronic Back Pain: Adults with untreated scoliosis may experience persistent back pain.
Physical Changes: Uneven shoulders, hips, or ribs may affect self-esteem and postureScoliosis often worsens during puberty because this is a period of rapid growth. As the spine grows quickly, existing curves may become more pronounced. Regular monitoring during these years is essential to detect any progression.
Scoliosis often worsens during puberty because this is a period of rapid growth. As the spine grows quickly, existing curves may become more pronounced. Regular monitoring during these years is essential to detect any progression.

FAQs About Scoliosis Symptoms and Causes

Yes, scoliosis can develop silently, especially in the early stages. Mild curves may go undetected until a routine check-up or school screening.

No, scoliosis is not caused by physical activities. However, certain activities may highlight existing spinal imbalances, making detection easier.

Scoliosis doesn’t cause uneven leg lengths, but it may create the appearance of uneven legs due to pelvic tilt caused by the curvature.

No, scoliosis doesn't always cause back pain. Pain is more common in adults with untreated scoliosis or in severe cases.

Yes, scoliosis can lead to headaches or neck pain, especially if the curvature affects the cervical spine.

Yes, scoliosis can remain unnoticed for years, especially if the spinal curve is mild. Many people only discover they have scoliosis during routine medical check-ups or school screenings. This is why regular health assessments are important, particularly for children and teenagers during their growth years.

While scoliosis is not directly caused by injuries or accidents, trauma to the spine can sometimes reveal an existing curve or worsen a mild one. If you notice changes in posture after an injury, consult a specialist.

Scoliosis often worsens during puberty because this is a period of rapid growth. As the spine grows quickly, existing curves may become more pronounced. Regular monitoring during these years is essential to detect any progression.