Foot and Ankle Injury

Symptoms & Causes Diagnosis & Treatment Doctors

What Are Foot and Ankle Injuries?

Foot and ankle injuries refer to any damage or trauma to the bones, muscles, ligaments, or tendons in the foot or ankle region. These injuries can occur suddenly due to accidents or develop over time from repetitive stress. Common types of foot and ankle injuries include sprains, fractures, tendonitis, and plantar fasciitis.

The foot and ankle are complex structures that bear the body’s weight and facilitate movement. With 26 bones, 33 joints, and over 100 muscles, ligaments, and tendons, they are highly susceptible to injuries from physical activity, improper footwear, or underlying medical conditions.

Common Types of Foot and Ankle Disorders and Injuries

Achilles Tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It is often caused by overuse, especially in athletes or individuals who engage in repetitive activities like running or jumping. Symptoms include pain, stiffness, and swelling at the back of the heel. Orthopaedic specialists commonly diagnose and manage this condition.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, also known as "wear-and-tear arthritis," occurs when the cartilage in the joints wears down over time. It commonly affects the ankle joint, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. Risk factors include ageing, previous injuries, and obesity. Rheumatologists are often involved in managing more complex cases of osteoarthritis.

Fracture and Dislocation

Fractures (broken bones) and dislocations (misalignment of bones) are severe injuries that occur due to trauma, such as falls or accidents. Symptoms include intense pain, swelling, bruising, and visible deformity. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent complications.

Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is the inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot. It is a common cause of heel pain, especially in individuals who stand for long periods or wear unsupportive footwear. Symptoms include sharp pain in the heel, particularly in the morning or after prolonged rest.

Sprains

Sprains occur when the ligaments that support the ankle are stretched or torn, often due to sudden twisting or rolling of the foot. Symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking. Mild sprains can be treated at home, but severe cases may require medical intervention.

Understanding these common disorders and injuries can help you recognise symptoms early and seek appropriate care.

Symptoms of Foot and Ankle Injuries

The symptoms of foot and ankle injuries vary depending on the type and severity of the injury.

Common symptoms include:

Pain: Ranging from mild discomfort to severe, sharp pain, especially during movement.
Swelling: Localised swelling around the injured area.
Bruising: Discolouration of the skin due to internal bleeding.
Limited Mobility: Difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected foot or ankle.
Deformity: Visible misalignment or abnormal shape of the foot or ankle in severe cases.
Numbness or Tingling: Sensory changes due to nerve involvement.

If you experience persistent or worsening symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

When Should You See a Doctor?

You should consult a doctor if you experience any of the following:

Severe pain or inability to walk.
Noticeable deformity or misalignment.
Persistent swelling or bruising that does not improve.
Symptoms of infection, such as redness, warmth, or fever.
Numbness or tingling in the foot or ankle.

Delaying medical care can lead to complications and prolonged recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing long-term damage.

What Causes Foot and Ankle Injuries?

Foot and ankle injuries can result from a variety of causes, including:

Trauma: Accidents, falls, or direct blows to the foot or ankle.
Overuse: Repetitive stress from activities like running, jumping, or dancing.
Improper Footwear: Wearing shoes that do not provide adequate support or fit poorly, contributing to conditions like plantar fasciitis or stress fractures.
Sudden Movements: Twisting or rolling the ankle during sports or daily activities.
Medical Conditions: Conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, or diabetes that weaken bones and joints.

Understanding the underlying cause of your injury can help in tailoring the appropriate treatment and preventive measures.

Risk Factors for Foot and Ankle Injuries

Certain factors increase the likelihood of foot and ankle injuries, such as:

Age: Older adults are more prone to fractures due to decreased bone density.
Sports Participation: High-impact sports like basketball or football increase the risk of injuries.
Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on the foot and ankle.
Poor Conditioning: Weak muscles or lack of flexibility can lead to injuries.
Occupational Hazards: Jobs requiring prolonged standing or heavy lifting.

Identifying and addressing these risk factors with the help of SJMC specialists can significantly reduce the chances of injury.

Complications of Untreated Injuries

Ignoring or delaying treatment for foot and ankle injuries can lead to complications, including:

Chronic Pain: Persistent discomfort that affects daily activities.
Joint Instability: Weakness or instability in the ankle joint.
Arthritis: Long-term damage to the joints, leading to arthritis.
Infection: Open wounds or fractures can become infected if not treated promptly.
Reduced Mobility: Permanent loss of function in severe cases.

Seeking timely medical care at SJMC is essential to avoid these complications and ensure a full recovery.

Prevention of Foot and Ankle Injuries

Preventing foot and ankle injuries involves adopting healthy habits and taking precautions, such as:

Wearing Proper Footwear: Choose shoes that fit well and provide adequate support, especially for activities like running or sports.
Stretching and Strengthening: Regular exercises to improve flexibility and muscle strength.
Avoiding High-Risk Activities: Take precautions during sports or activities that strain the foot and ankle.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Reducing stress on the foot and ankle joints.
Using Protective Gear: Wear braces or supports during high-impact activities.

By incorporating these preventive measures into your routine, you can reduce the risk of foot and ankle injury.

FAQs About Foot & Ankle Injuries Symptoms and Causes

Common symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, limited mobility, and deformity. Numbness or tingling may also occur in some cases.

Early warning signs include severe pain, noticeable deformity, persistent swelling, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected area.

Yes, injuries can result from repetitive stress, overuse, or underlying medical conditions like arthritis or osteoporosis.

Improper footwear can cause biomechanical imbalances, leading to conditions like plantar fasciitis, sprains, or stress fractures.

Yes, repetitive activities like running can lead to overuse injuries such as stress fractures, Achilles tendinitis, or plantar fasciitis. These injuries are often due to excessive strain on the foot and ankle without adequate recovery time.

Yes, ligament injuries, such as sprains, often cause sharp pain, swelling, and bruising around the ankle. You may also experience instability or a "popping" sensation at the time of injury. Severe sprains can make it difficult to walk or bear weight.

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