10 Paediatric Patient Safety Risks Every Parent Should Know — And What You Can Do  

Learn how parents can play an active role in keeping children safe and supported throughout their hospital or clinic journey.


When your child is in hospital or at a clinic, their safety is your top concern. Children have unique needs that make them more vulnerable to certain medical risks. Here are the top 10 paediatric patient safety risks — along with simple actions and questions parents and guardians can use to help protect their child.


1. Medication Errors

Children are more sensitive to incorrect doses due to their size and stage of development.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “Can you confirm the dose is based on my child’s weight?”

  • Double-check the medication label and instructions.

  • Keep a list of all the medicines your child is taking.

2.  Failure to Recognise Deterioration 

Children can appear fine until they suddenly worsen. Early signs may be subtle.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Share any changes you notice, even if they seem minor.

  • Ask: “How often will my child be monitored?”

  • Speak up if something doesn’t feel right.

3. Delayed Recognition of Life-Threatening Illness

Conditions such as sepsis or meningitis may not show clear symptoms at first.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “What symptoms should I watch for at home?”

  • Keep a record of symptoms and when they started.

  • Do not hesitate to return if your child worsens.

 4. Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) 

Children’s immune systems are still developing, making them more prone to infection.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “How do you prevent infections here?”

  • Ensure everyone washes their hands before touching your child.

  • Limit visitors if your child is vulnerable.

5. Preventable Pain and Emotional Distress

Children may not always receive adequate pain relief or emotional support.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “What pain relief options are available for my child’s age?”

  • Bring comfort items such as toys or blankets.

  • Stay with your child as much as possible.

6. Tissue Injury from Intravenous (IV) Leaks or Pressure Ulcers

Children’s skin is delicate and can be injured easily.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “How often do you check for skin issues or IV leaks?”

  • Look for redness, swelling, or discomfort.

  • Alert staff to any signs of irritation.

7. Missed Surgical or Procedural Complications

Children may not express pain or discomfort clearly.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “What symptoms should I look for?”

  • Monitor your child’s behaviour and appetite.

  • Report anything unusual, even if it seems small.

 8. Safeguarding Concerns Not Recognised Early 

Signs of abuse or neglect can be subtle and easily missed.

🟢 What you can do:

  • If you suspect something is wrong, speak up.

  • Ask: “Who can I talk to about a safeguarding concern?”

  • Trust your instincts — your voice matters.

9. Unnecessary Admissions or Treatments

Too many tests or procedures can cause stress and harm.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “Is this test or procedure absolutely necessary?”

  • Request explanations in plain language.

  • Seek a second opinion if unsure.

10. Psychological Harm or Negative Healthcare Experience 

Fear, separation, or harsh communication can leave lasting emotional scars.

🟢 What you can do:

  • Ask: “How can I stay involved in my child’s care?”

  • Advocate for gentle, respectful communication.

  • Reassure your child and explain what’s happening in age-appropriate ways.

As a parent or guardian, you play a vital role in your child’s healthcare journey. Do not be afraid to ask questions, speak up, and stay involved. Your advocacy can make all the difference in keeping your child safe, supported, and cared for.  Should you need further support for your child’s health, learn more about SJMC Paediatrics services.